The history of using sand to filter water dates back hundreds of years, when early settlers discovered that running water through a bed of sand produced clearer water.

However, it was not until the early 20th century that systematic sand filtration began to appear. At that time, engineers began experimenting with using crushed quartz sand instead of natural sand because of its hardness, durability and high purity. Quartz is virtually inert and resistant to weathering, making it ideal for consistent long-term performance. This establishes the wide application of engineered quartz sand in the field of filtration.

Over the next few decades, extensive research was conducted to determine optimal quartz properties. It was found that silica content above 95%, angular and spherical shapes, and a narrow particle size distribution between 0.35-1 mm achieved maximum treatment.

These findings led to the standardization of sand filter material specifications. Round quartz particles with low solubility within the recommended size range are now commonly used. Their hardness and porosity allow mechanical capture of particles without clogging.

Other advances include requiring filter sand to be cleaned, dried and sterilized when used for drinking water. This ensures that the risk of leaching and bacterial contamination is minimized.

Quartz remains the material of choice for sand filters due to its consistent availability, mechanical strength, and proven water treatment effectiveness through extensive historical use.

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